Execution Context

Short explanation

An execution context is the environment in which code is evaluated — it contains variable bindings, the this value, and the scope chain. The call stack keeps track of active execution contexts.

Small snippet

function a() {
  b();
}
function b() {
  console.log('hello');
}
a();
// Call stack: global -> a -> b

How JS handles it internally

When a function is invoked, a new execution context is pushed onto the call stack. When it returns, the context is popped. This model explains stack traces, recursion limits, and how this is resolved.

FAQ

Q: What happens if the stack overflows?

A: A stack overflow occurs with unbounded recursion and typically causes the runtime to throw an error (or freeze).